In a previous report, we demonstrated that the oral administration of Reb had a therapeutic effect on autoimmune lesions of the salivary glands in thymectomized NFS/sld mice, a murine model of SS. In that paper, Reb treatment inhibited the activation of effector T cells, and the production of Th1-type cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-c and was associated with decreased NF-kB activity. Moreover,ALK5 Inhibitor II the serum autoantibody levels were clearly decreased after the oral administration of Reb. Although oral administration of Reb at a low concentration resolved the inflammatory lesions of the salivary glands in our murine model of SS and restored saliva secretion, inflammatory lesions of the lacrimal glands were not resolved by the oral administration of Reb at the same dose. Moreover, tear secretion in this model of SS was not recovered after oral administration. On the other hand, Kinoshita et al. demonstrate that 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension is effective in improving both the objective signs and subjective symptoms of dry eye patients including primary or secondary SS patients . Our findings as for the objective signs including fluorescein corneal staining score and pathological score of intraorbital lacrimal gland in rebamipide-treated SS model mice are similar to those in dry eye patients. We believe that our results show the anti-inflammatory effects of rebamipide on the ocular lesions in murine suggest the same effects on human ocular surface,AP24534 and the effect contribute improving subjective symptoms. Our results would be useful for establishing more effective therapeutic strategy of SS with rebamipide. In our murine model of SS, neonatal thymectomy was performed to induce the breakdown of central or peripheral tolerance to trigger autoimmunity. The thymic function of almost all patients with SS may be intact. Although MRL/lpr or NZB/NZW F1 mice are also well known to be an animal model of SS, they are considered as a model of secondary SS with systemic autoimmune lesions. In contrast, thymectomized NFS/sld mice have been established as a model of primary SS.