Interestingly, the expression level of HAMP gene sustained decreased from infection starting time to 72 h after challenge in the miiuy croaker liver. HAMP1 and HAMP2 groups may have different ways of molecular evolution under different selection pressures. In contract with major histocompatibility complex genes, there is little direct evidence for positive selection on AMPs. To study the molecular evolution of the HAMP1 and HAMP2 sequences, we conducted analysis of positive selection using a series of models. Cysteines are highly 1-Tigloyltrichilinin conserved in hepcidin gene are not under positive selection, but other sites near their mature peptide region are frequently positively selected. Despite the high sequences similarity and the presence of eight conserved cysteine residues in the mature peptide region, site-specific analysis showed that many of the codons in the mature peptide regions of HAMP2 are subjected to positive Darwinian selection, however, no codons of fish HAMP1 and mammalian HAMP mature peptide region were under positive selection, site-specific analyses for fish HAMP1 and mammalian HAMP showed no evidence of positive Darwinian selection. Similar molecular evolution pattern of fish HAMP1 and mammalian HAMP suggested that the fish HAMP1 is an orthologue of the mammalian HAMP gene. HAMP2 paralogs genes is only in acanthopterygian fish could be favored by the radication of teleosts in different marine and brackish environments and the operation of positive Darwinian selection. The differential pattern of molecular evolution in fish HAMP1, HAMP2 and mammalian HAMP could be associated with their specific habitats and surrounding pathogens. Evolution divergence might have caused differences in immunological function of these peptides between these different species. Some positive selection sites were detected suggest important physiology roles for HAMP2, undertaking functional analyses to determine whether these sites played a crucial role in the adaptive evolution of HAMP genes might be useful. With fish HAMP1 and mammalian HAMP different, four positively selected amino acids with posterior probabilities greater than 0.95 were detected in fish HAMP2 sequences that might have evolved under moderate positive Darwinian selection. In addition, like the conclusion obtained from Padhi et al., site-specific analyses for mammalian hepcidins also showed no evidence of positive Darwinian selection. As a whole, the fish HAMP1 and mammalian HAMP sequences have experienced purifying selection, but the fish HAMP2 might have evolved under moderate positive Darwinian selection. White spot syndrome virus is the causative agent of a disease that has led to severe mortality rates of cultured shrimps in Taiwan and many other countries. WSSV, a kind of large enveloped DNA virus, has a wide host range among crustaceans. After the sequences of the WSSV genome for various isolates have been revealed, research regarding protein-protein interaction between shrimp and virus, shrimp itself or virus itself are now taken into consideration. Above all, the interaction between the receptor/co-receptor of the host cell and the receptor-binding protein of virus is highly remarkable because binding and entry of Danshensu viruses requires specific interactions between the structural proteins on the virus and cell surface receptor complexes on target cells. Both bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence imaging are widely used optical modalities for non-invasive detection of tumor progression in small animals.