In the Kaplan�CMeier survival analysis, patients with low AP-2a expression had a significantly shorter overall survival than those with high expressions. Univariate analyses showed that the decreased expression of AP-2a in gastric cancer tissues was significantly associated with overall survival rate. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that AP-2a expression, together with some traditional prognostic factors such as tumor location, tumor size, tumor depth, lymph node status, and metastasis status, were independent risk factors in the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. These results suggest that decreased AP-2a expression might help identify gastric cancer patients with a poor prognosis, and could therefore be a novel prognostic marker of gastric cancer patients. In our study of gastric adenocarcinoma, we observed exclusively a cytoplasmic expression pattern of AP-2a proteins. However, both cytoplasmic and nuclear AP-2a expression have been previously described in several other malignancies. In ovarian cancer, high cytoplasmic AP-2a expression is associated with a favorable prognosis; furthermore, in ovarian cancer, nuclear expression with low cytoplasmic expression is associated with an increased risk of death. In breast cancer, combined cytoplasmic and nuclear AP-2a expression may provide important additional information on the prognosis and behavior of the disease. In malignant melanomas, AP-2 expression was shown exclusively nuclear expression. In prostate carcinomas, the expression of AP-2 was cytoplasmic in the majority of cases and nuclear expression of AP-2 was present in 22% of the tumors. However, both in colorectal and prostate carcinomas, cytoplasmic AP-2 had been reported to have no prognostic value. Ingested nutrients stimulate CCK, GLP-1, and PYY secretion indirectly by neurohumoral mechanisms, e.g. feedback mechanisms of hormones from a more distal part of the small intestine, as well as by direct sensing mechanisms at the intestinal mucosa. Previously, it was demonstrated that the plasma levels of GLP-1 were elevated in obese rats, compared to lean rats. Others found that levels of ghrelin and obestatin were decreased in obese children, compared to lean children. Also, PYY levels are lower in obese subjects compared to lean subjects. These data indicate that there are significant differences between lean and obese subjects with respect to hormone release, and thatthe gut may respond different to ingested nutrients in obese subjects, compared to lean subjects. Among all properties of food, the total energy content and the macronutrient composition appears to be one of the major determinants of the control of food intake. Recent literature points to the effect of dietary protein in reducing food intake by improving satiety sensations. It seems that Abmole AMD3100 proteins have the highest satiating effect when compared to carbohydrates and in particular fats in humans and rats, although the nature of the protein can influence its satiating effects. In most cases, high-protein meals increase feelings of satiety and decrease subsequent energy intake compared with high-carbohydrate or high-fat meals. From previous work it is well known that proteins have the ability to affect food intake and appetite in several species, including humans. A variety of physiological mechanisms activated by protein ingestion may act in concert to exert their satiating effect. One of the physiological processes through which proteins appear to induce satiety is by stimulating satiety hormone secretion.