In this analysis, we also observed a comparable GDC-0449 Hedgehog inhibitor change of insulin level between Asian and Caucasian population associated with AGIs treatment. In terms of clinical efficacy, as measured by the reduction in HbA1c and FPG from baseline after adjusting placebo effect, across trials of 12�C52 weeks, AGI treatment produced a mean HbA1c reduction difference of 0.50% and a mean FPG reduction difference of 0.53 mmol/L, respectively, in comparison with placebo in Asian. But compared with active agents, HbA1c was reduced not favoring AGI treatment. In Caucasians, AGI treatment produced comparable HbA1c and FPG reduction from baseline after adjusting placebo effect. The results of our metaanalysis are in accordance with some results concluded mainly in SP600125 Caucasians previously. As one meta-analysis reported by Van de Laar indicated that in clinical trials, after adjusting placebo effect, acarbose decreased HbA1c by 0.77% and miglitol by 0.68%, voglibose, yielded a difference of 0.47% in favor of voglibose. For FPG, after adjusting for placebo effects, acarbose treatment is associated with a mean FPG reduction of 1.09 mmol/l, miglitol 0.52 mmol/l, and voglibose 0.60 mmol/l. And the overall comparison of acarbose with sulfonylurea yielded a non-significant HbA1c reduction of 0.38% favoring sulfonylurea treatment. Derosa in a systemic review concluded that treatment with acarbose was more effective than placebo in improving HbA1c levels and in reducing FPG levels after 7 months of therapy, but did not give the exact weighted mean difference. In terms of insulin secretion, compared with placebo or active agents, treatment with AGI in Asian showed a more reduction in fasting insulin from baseline of 0.78 uU/ml and 0.55 uU/ml respectively. While in Caucasians, AGI treatment showed a decrease in fasting insulin of 1.24 uU/ml when compared with placebo and a trend of increase when compared with active agents. However, there was no significant difference between Asian and Caucasian in fasting insulin level changes in response to AGI treatment. Van de Laar reported that compared with placebo, acarbose had no effect on fasting insulin levels and a lowering effect on 1-h postload insulin levels of 40.8 pmol/l mainly in Caucasians. For systemic review in Asian patients, no comparison is available. In terms of weight changes, treatment of AGI produced a weight reduction of 1.0 kg either when compared with placebo or active agents in Asian. In Caucasians, AGI treatment produced a weight decrease of 0.73 kg and 1.79 kg respectively compared with placebo and active agents.