The decreased expression of Caspase 3 in MAT of ACD group compared to the control confirmed an altered apoptosis in this tissue. The point of our study is to present new data that may help to explain the singular characteristics of MAT in CD patients. Given the current emphasis that has been given to the role of adipose tissue in gut homeostasis and inflammation, the defective apoptosis of MAT in CD may explain the high survival rate of these cells, which in large amount may express higher levels of proinflammatory mediators. For instance, significantly higher expression of C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker, was detected in the MAT of CD compared to UC and controls. Moreover, a comparison of adipocyte gene expression from MAT of CD and in healthy individuals showed up-regulation of proinflammatory genes and decrease of genes involving lipid metabolism. MAT may have an important role in the maintenance of inflammation in CD, since the altered balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in this tissue, as well as defective autophagy, have been previously reported in the literature. Among these studies, one of them verified lower levels of adiponectin in peripheral serum and in MAT of active CD patients, revealing deficient anti-inflammatory conditions. Moreover, this tissue may be involved in the maintenance of inflammation in the late stages of the disease, and in the mechanism that leads to relapses during the course of the disease. Therefore, the decreased apoptosis revealed in the present study, associated with already published previous data that have shown the capacity of the adipose cells to produce cytokines and its plasticity, could lead to insights for further research that may explain the complete role of MAT in CD. PS 1145 dihydrochloride Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by overexpansion of white adipose tissue. Although genetic predisposition is important in the development of obesity, chronic positive energy balance has been considered the main cause of obesity in the general population. Therefore, correcting energy imbalance is an ideal therapy for obesity. Unfortunately, commonly used therapeutic approaches such as dieting and exercise are not efficient at containing the obesity epidemic. WAT and BAT are the two main types of fat in mammals. WAT is the primary energy depot that stores energy as triglyceride-enriched lipid droplets. By contrast, BAT is considered as an energy dispenser that consumes significant amounts of chemical energy toward thermogenesis. Due to its inconspicuous appearance in adult Radicicol humans, BAT was previously thought to exist only in infants. Using new technology, recent studies have demonstrated the presence of metabolically active BAT in adults. Cold temperature stimulates BAT activation and increases energy expenditure. Furthermore, BAT activation is correlated with decreased adiposity in humans.