Moreover, it was confirmed that TRPC1 and TRPC6 are essential for the CHPH pathogenesis. In PASMCs, BMP4 up-regulates TRPC1 and 6 expressions in rat pulmonary artery and PASMCs to increase i and SOCE, further leads to increased proliferation, which leads to pulmonary small artery spasm contraction and remodeling, and eventually causes elevated pulmonary resistance and PH. However, it still remains largely unclear how BMP4 induces TRPCs expression. Recent studies have confirmed that TGF-b-induced NOX4 Ceftibuten dihydrate expression and ROS generation were significantly associated with the proliferation of PASMCs. Similarly, we sought to wander: 1) whether BMP4, also functions as a multiple faces�� factor, could influence ROS generation and NOX4 expression? 2) whether such induction controls the downstream TRPC expression and the intracellular calcium homeostasis? 3) whether these mechanisms fit into and explain the mechanisms through which BMP4-induced PASMCs proliferation and pulmonary vascular remodeling? This study aims to clarify the mechanism underlying BMP4 regulating calcium homeostasis and pulmonary vascular remodeling in PASMCs, to provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of drugs for the treatment. Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness that fluctuates, worsening with exertion, and improving with rest. Although MG is usually sporadic, familial clustering has been reported with MG, and about 4% of MG patients have a positive family history. Genetic Dextrose factors have been suggested for autoimmune MG since the early 1900s. The contribution of genetic variants to susceptibility to MG has been actively studied, especially the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms. A number of potential SNPs have been shown to be involved in MG pathogenesis, including variants of the major histocompatibility complex genes and non-MHC genes. MicroRNAs are small noncoding regulatory RNAs of 18�C25 nucleotides that play important regulatory roles at the posttranscriptional level, which have been shown to be master gene regulators that control various cellular processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, signal transduction, and immune responses.