Thus, RANTES has been used as a prognostic indicator in both breast and cervical cancers showing that high levels of RANTES in these malignancies correlate with a poor clinical outcome,. In this study, in order to prove the independent role of RANTES as a possible prognostic biomarker for asbestos associated diseases, the influence on cytokines network exerted by the cofactor SV40 was additionally evaluated in infected patients. A synergistic action between SV40 and asbestos fibers has been recently suggested, showing human mesothelioma cells to be highly sensitive to SV40-mediated transformation, acting on the expression of cellular growth factors. It is possible that SV40 may induce a growth advantage of MM cells, inactivating both cell cycle regulatory proteins and inducing increased or inhibition expression of specific growth factors and cytokines. At the light of these findings, a significative panel of 8 inflammatory molecules not including RANTES, was found associated to SV40 infection, reinforcing data of the specific association of this Plantamajoside chemokine with asbestos. Of note, among these cytokines, a high level of the hepatocyte growth factor, released during tumor transformation of the mesothelial cells, was detected for the first time in sera of MM patients SV40 infected. This data seem supported recent in vitro study where, in SV40-positive malignant mesothelioma cells, the HGF receptor, the Met oncogene product, was activated promoting the cell-cycle progression into S phase, toward malignant transformation. This finding suggested that a limited number of SV40-positive cells may be sufficient to direct d-Alaninol noninfected cells to malignant transformation by paracrine loop, thus enhancing the asbestos activity,,. Despite the limitations due to the small sample size, this pilot study demonstrated a significant increased level of the chemokine RANTES both in a selected series of workers chronically exposed to asbestos and in patients with asbestos-induced MM suggesting an association of this C-C chemokine with asbestos exposure. Recent advances in the field of stem cell therapy have renewed enthusiasm for the prospects of myocardial regeneration and repair.