The aims of this study were to compare the neutralizing potency of distinct monovalent, bivalent, biparatopic and half-life extended anti-rabies VHH both in vitro and in vivo, assess the efficacy of anti-rabies VHH in delaying infection and disease, or even to rescue mice, by post exposure treatment after lethal intranasal virus challenge and correlate the clinical outcome with the pharmacokinetic characteristics, including the total brain exposure, of anti-viral VHH.Thus, this choice of reference standard may have attenuated the PPV. Furthermore, although the Framingham and Carlson Bumetanide criteria have been shown to be 100% sensitive to cases of definite HF, especially severe cases, the Framingham criteria are considered by some to be insensitive for detecting early HF. Therefore, the application of standard diagnostic criteria may also attenuate the PPV. In this review, we did observe a trend towards greater PPV when simply a physician��s written confirmation of HF diagnosis or other notation in the medical chart was used as a gold standard. In fact, Roger et al compared two gold standards, Sertraline hydrochloride physician diagnosis and the Framingham criteria, and found that the PPV from physician diagnosis was higher compared with the Framingham criteria. Although the physician diagnosis may be more subjective, it may better reflect the diagnoses made in day-to-day clinical practice and thus be more meaningful to health researchers. In addition to prescription medication and laboratory data, a third resource that could be used in conjunction with conventional administrative data to capture more HF cases is the electronic medical record, or electronic health record. The EMR or EHR is a digital file used by healthcare providers for patient care. Though some authors use EMR when referring to the digital file maintained by a single practitioner, and EHR when referring to a digital file containing inpatient and outpatient data from multiple practitioners, for simplicity we will employ a single term, EMR, in this discussion.The materials available in the EMR can vary, but generally include clinical notes, prescription records, and laboratory and radiology reports.