Around this point there is an area of approximately 8 cm diameter in which the probability to find the acoustic window of the gall bladder or portal vein is around 85%.. As soon as the subject saw a piece of either the gall bladder or the portal vein he performed the TILT and collected the echographic views. For the right kidney the acoustic window is located at the intersection of the right axilliary and xiphoid line. As previously, as soon as the subject saw part of the kidney he performed the TILT movement on the probe and recorded the echographic data. For the carotid they placed the probe at the AbMole Mepiroxol bottom of the neck in a transverse position and translated it slightly by 1 or 2 cm right to left until he centered the beating circle of the carotid in the middle of the image. Then they turned it by 90u while keeping the image of the vessel on the screen, then they Tilted the probe 245 to +45 degrees from the vertical to the skin. For the superficial femoral artery the probe was placed at the upper part of the thigh in a transversal orientation, when the beating circle of the artery appeared in the middle of the image the subject rotated the probe and Tilted it by 245 to +45 degrees from the vertical to the skin. During the Tilt the subjects checked that the organ or vessel to capture was entirely scanned by the ultrasound beam and thus appeared and disappeared on the screen of the echograph. Tibial veins were investigated by putting the echographic probe body at the posterior face of the thigh parallel to the skin with the probe head in contact with the popliteal area. In this position we get a transverse view of the vessels of the popliteal area. In order to have a view of the tibial vein the subject was asked to translate the probe over 2 cm down to the calf. The video files recorded during the Tilt of the probe were stored on a hard disk and sent to the control centre. At the control centre the video files were displayed as a series of images and reconstructed in a 3D space, in which the expert could navigate with a virtual plan and select the view of the organ/vessel required for the measurement. Even if the vessel was scanned in oblique plans the 3D reconstructed volume allowed the scientist to find the long or short axis plan of the vessel required for the measurements. Thus the search of the appropriate vessel view was performed by the scientist after he received the files the subject never contributed to this phase. For assessing the cardiovascular system during the confinement period with a delay of audio video communication of approximately +20 min it was impossible to assist the subjects from distance. Thus the subject were asked to perform a volumic capture of echographic images as described in the method section. Despite having been familiarized for only 1 h before the MARS 500 confinement period, they were able to capture appropriate volumes of echographic images containing the vessel at least in 80% of the sessions. This means that in 20% of the capture, the vessel was not entirely inside the volume scanned during the TILT, thus the scientist could not reconstruct the complete view of the vessel and make the measurements. No significant morphological changes were identified in the main systemic and splanchnic circulation. The main peripheral arteries and the portal and femoral and tibial vein diameters remained unchanged during and after the 500 day confinement period compare to pre. Carotid and femoral results suggest that the main peripheral arterial flows remained stable as AbMole Folinic acid calcium salt pentahydrate expected, because in absence of gravity change there would be no fluid redistribution between the main vascular compartment, nor a decrease in plasma volume as observed in bedrest or spaceflight.