It is not possible to identify the causative nature of this remodeling. Our newly acquired data were blinded to the results of the sleep study and as a result many of our newly acquired older subjects did have mild sleep apnea; therefore, the results may be confounded by this variable. However, as clearly observable in the results of the subanalysis reported in Table 4, independent of sleep apnea there is an age related increase in a number of key parameters. Finally, the data in this study showed a very clear, highly significant main effect of age in the two-way ANOVA. Therefore, despite these acknowledged limitations, we believe our findings provide an important advance in the literature. In summary, the results of this study indicate that neurogenic changes occur in the genioglossus muscle of older adults. While it is unlikely a single mechanism can explain all the data concerning the alterations in the MUPs observed, we believe these changes reflect the ongoing influence of age. The results indicate, structural neurogenic changes are present in older adults. As AKI identifies both patients at risk for developing incident CKD along as well as acceleration of disease among those with prevalent chronic kidney disease, characterizing the patterns of care following AKI is an important first step to developing strategies that can potentially improve outcomes among AKI survivors. Kidney function and proteinuria may also predict recurrent AKI, a potentially important mechanism for potential disease progression following AKI. Recently published guidelines by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes panel recommend that patients who have experienced AKI be evaluated with a follow-up serum creatinine by 3 months to assess for resolution, new onset, or worsening of pre-existing CKD and to consider patients Doxorubicin without CKD to be at ‘increased’ risk. Current clinical practice guidelines for patients with CKD recommend they be appropriately monitored for disease progression, the development of risk factors that associate with disease progression, and complications of kidney disease that may contribute to morbidity and mortality. The CKD guidelines state that dipstick screening for proteinuria among the general population is acceptable but advocate more quantitative and specific measurements including albumin-to-creatinine ratio or protein-tocreatinine ratio in patients deemed to be at ‘increased’ risk for progressive disease. A summary of these recommendations is presented in Table 1 among patients with acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes.