Able to mimic conditions that develop in such a closed system, such as increased intraabdominal pressure, massive release/activation of clotting factors, and poor accessibility for compression-based interventions. The noncompressible model described in the present report accomplishes this goal in that a closed system is created immediately after injury by rapid closure of the midline incision. The previous reports of a porcine noncompressible hemorrhage models also accomplished this goal, as the laparotomy incision in that model was closed at the time of injury. In comparison to the recently-published swine models of noncompressible torso hemorrhage, our model had a more moderate one-hour mortality, but produced similar decreases in blood pressure and hemoglobin. The hepatovenous/portovenous injury in our model was conceptually similar to that of the wire-distraction model, though the technique of inducing the injury obviously was different between these two models. We also utilized routine pre-injury splenectomy, not done in the above studies. Our subject size was 5– 10 kg smaller than used in the above studies. We limited our resuscitation volume to 100 mL/kg of crystalloid. The resuscitation fluid limit in the other described porcine portovenous noncompressible injury model was 10 L with a resuscitation target MAP of 65 mm Hg ; in this group’s description of a porcine noncompressible iliac artery injury model, however, the crystalloid resuscitation was limited to 1 L . Of note, previous animal and clinical studies have suggested that in subjects with uncontrolled hemorrhage and no immediate operative intervention, hypotensive resuscitation will increase survival. The concept of hypotensive resuscitation has been discussed in the literature since the early 1900’s. Although studies on the clinical benefits of hypotensive resuscitation have not been uniformly positive, the current Tactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines recommend the use of hypotensive resuscitation in prehospital management of uncontrolled hemorrhage, and then early use of 1:1 blood products in conjunction with hemorrhage control in the surgical unit. The question of whether “low” vs. “high” volume crystalloid resuscitation will produce better survival in our porcine noncompressible model was not addressed in the present study. Regarding 1:1 blood product utilization, we and the other investigators developing these porcine models of “battlefield” noncompressible, uncontrolled hemorrhage have not employed this type of resuscitation; some investigators, however, have infused salvaged autologous whole blood in similar models. Routine splenectomy during the pre-injury preparation of porcine hemorrhage models has been a common but controversial practice. It has been argued that the contractile porcine spleen can participate in an “auto-transfusion” phenomenon during severe blood loss, which may have a confounding effect on the subject’s response to massive blood loss. While routine splenectomy is a commonly-practiced preparatory technique in porcine models of severe hemorrhage, the utilization of splenectomy is not universal in this type of Perifosine research.