Loop-mediated isothermal amplification is more convenient and sensitive than PCR in amplifying DNA targets, and can be combined successfully with an RT step for RNA respiratory viruses. However, the wide variety of potential pathogens that elicit similar clinical symptoms and diseases makes the application of individual DNA- or RNA-based diagnostic assays both complex and expensive. While many factors potentially contribute to the development of diabetic atherosclerosis including abnormalities in plasma lipoproteins and blood pressure, hyperglycemia is generally believed to be a major causative factor. Chronic hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis involves a complex series of events, including abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, which contribute importantly to the formation of organized atherosclerotic plaque. High glucose AZ 960 activates the expression of several genes involved in extracellular signal-regulated kinase -dependent mitogenic response, contributing to VSMC proliferation and migration and, as a result, to the development of atherosclerosis. The results presented here suggest that a function of Sec9p and SNARE complex formation is influenced by the physiological state of the cell. One common feature of the different suppressing conditions is that they all confer a reduction in the growth rate of wild-type cells, while mutant backgrounds that do not affect growth fail to suppress sec9 mutations. Our interpretation of these results is that mutations in SEC9 affect a constitutive function, but that the temperature-sensitive phenotype is a manifestation of greater cellular requirement for this absent function under the increased physiological demands of higher temperature. This is consistent with previous observations that the level of SNARE complexes can be controlled by the availability of Sec9p, suggesting that Sec9p is limiting for SNARE complex formation. The causal mapping technique has the potential to be an effective tool for studying complex biological systems. On the one hand, CMAP is a semi-quantitative method similar to Boolean networks and its extensions. On the other hand, CMAP provides a more detailed description than other graphical approaches with similarities to the difference equation approach. Thus, in terms of modeling techniques, the CMAP technology occupies an intermediate position between purely graphical methods and more quantitative models based on either ordinary or partial differential equations or stochastic formulations and it puts some limitations on possible mechanisms. For example, both mechano-chemical models of cortical oscillations that have been developed recently include a negative feedback from contractility to a mechano-sensitive source of calcium such as stretch activated calcium channels. This feature was predicted by CMAP modeling and suggests that application of the coarse-grained CMAP technology can illuminate key qualitative requirements of mechanisms.